Cygwin подключение по ssh

5 Installing Cygwin and Starting the SSH Daemon

This chapter explains how to install Cygwin and start the SSH daemon on Microsoft Windows hosts. This chapter is applicable only when you want to install a Management Agent on a Microsoft Windows host, using the Add Host Targets Wizard or EM CLI. In particular, this chapter covers the following:

If you do not want to install Cygwin to deploy Management Agents on Microsoft Windows hosts using the Add Host Targets Wizard or EM CLI, you can choose to deploy Management Agents on these hosts using the PsExec process utility. For information on how to deploy Management Agents on Microsoft Windows hosts using PsExec, see Appendix F.

5.1 About the Cygwin Requirement for Installing Management Agents

The Add Host Targets Wizard is an application built into the Enterprise Manager Cloud Control console. It offers GUI-rich, interactive screens that enable you to install Oracle Management Agents (Management Agents) on unmanaged hosts and convert them to managed hosts, so that they can be monitored and managed in Enterprise Manager Cloud Control.

When you use the Add Host Targets Wizard or EM CLI to install a Management Agent on a host running on Microsoft Windows, as a prerequisite, you must install Cygwin and start the SSH Daemon on the host. To do so, follow the steps listed in Section 5.3.

Cygwin is essentially a utility that offers a Linux-like environment on a Microsoft Windows host. Technically, it is a DLL ( cygwin1.dll ) that acts as a Linux API layer providing substantial Linux API functionality. Once you install Cygwin, you can configure the SSH Daemon on the host. The Add Host Targets Wizard is certified and supported with Cygwin 1.7.

The SSH Daemon enables the Add Host Targets Wizard to establish SSH connectivity between the OMS host and the host on which you want to install a Management Agent. Using this connectivity, the wizard transfers the Management Agent software binaries to the destination host over SSH protocol, installs the Management Agent, and configures it.

5.2 Be fore You Begin Installing Cygwin

Before starting with the SSHD setup, ensure you are not using OpenSSH and MKSNT when using the Add Host Targets Wizard. To do so, perform the following checks:

Ensure OpenSSH\bin and mksnt are not in your PATH environment variable. If they are, remove them by doing the following:

Right-click on My Computer and go to Properties .

In the System Properties window, click Advanced.

In this tab, click Environment Variables.

Here, search for the PATH system variable, select it, and if the OpenSSH\bin and mksnt are present in PATH, click Edit.

In the Edit System Variable dialog box, delete these two values from PATH, then click OK.

Stop the SSH Daemon if it is running from OpenSSH , MKS or any other vendor. If the SSH Daemon is running, stop it by doing the following:

Right-click on My Computer , and select Manage.

In the Computer Management window, in the left pane, expand Services and Applications , and select Services .

In the right pane, click the SSH Daemon/MKS Secure Shell service, then click the Stop button.

The navigational steps described in this section may vary for different Microsoft Windows operating systems.

5.3 Installing Cygwin

To install Cygwin on a Microsoft Windows host, follow these steps:

Access the following URL, then click Install Cygwin:

Download the 32-bit version (if you are running a 32-bit version of Microsoft Windows) or the 64-bit version (if you are running a 64-bit version of Microsoft Windows) of the Cygwin setup executable.

Run the setup executable, then click Next to proceed.

On the Choose Installation Type screen, select Install from Internet, then click Next.

On the Choose Installation Directory screen, enter C:\cygwin as the Root Directory, then click Next.

If you choose to install Cygwin in a different directory, then ensure that you update the SSH_PATH, SCP_PATH, MKDIR_PATH, SH_PATH, CHMOD_PATH , and TRUE properties present in the $ \oui\prov\resources\ssPaths_msplats.properties file to their proper Cygwin binary values, after installing the Enterprise Manager system.

For example, if you choose to install Cygwin in the D:\software\cygwin directory, then update the specified properties in the following manner:

On the Select Local Package Directory screen, select a directory on your local machine where you want to store the downloaded installation files, then click Next.

On the Select Connection Type screen, select appropriate settings to connect to the internet, then click Next.

On the Choose Download Site(s) screen, select any site from the available list, then click Next.

On the select pac kages screen, ensure that you select the following packages, then click Next :

From the Archive category, select unzip and zip as follows:

From the Net category, select openssh and openssl as follows:

After selecting the packages and clicking Next, the Resolving Dependencies screen is displayed. Click Next to proceed.

On the Installation Status and Create Icons screen, do not make any changes. Click Finish to complete the installation process.

5.4 Confi guring SSH

This section describes how to configure SSH and test your Cygwin setup after installing Cygwin on a host.

While configuring SSH, you may need to run the cygwin.bat script. While running cygwin.bat in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and Microsoft Windows Vista, ensure that you invoke it in administrator mode. To do this, right-click the cygwin.bat file and select Run as administrator.

To configure SSH and test your Cygwin setup, follow these steps:

After you install Cygwin, navigate to the C:\cygwin directory, open the Cygwin.bat file in edit mode using any editor, and add the following line before invoking the bash shell.

set CYGWIN=binmode ntsec

For example, here are the contents for the Cygwin.bat file after adding the above line:

To verify if Cygwin ( cygrunsrv) is installed properly, run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat , and execute the following command:

If Cygwin is installed properly, then all the Cygwin help options are displayed on the screen. However, if this command returns an error message, then you may have to reinstall Cygwin.

To configure the SSHD service, run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat , and execute the following command:

After running the command, you are prompted the following questions:

At this point, if you want to use the same name, that is cyg_server, enter no. You are then prompted the following questions:

However, if you want to use a different name, enter yes. You are then prompted the following questions:

If the configuration is successful, you will see the following message:

Backup the c:\cygwin\etc\passwd file and then use any editor to open the file in edit mode. Remove only those entries of the user that you will use to connect to the host on which you want to install a Management Agent. Ask the user to make a backup of the c:\cygwin\etc\passwd file before editing.

If the user that you are employing to connect to the host on which you want to install the Management Agent is a local user, run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat and execute the following:

If the user you are employing to connect to the host on which you want to install the Management Agent running is a domain user, run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat and execute the following:

(Only if the Cygwin software you have installed is of version 1.7.32 or higher) Open C:\cygwin\etc\sshd_config in a text editor and add the following line to the end of the file:

(For a domain user only) If the user you are employing to connect to the host on which you want to install the Management Agent is a domain user, do the following to start the SSH daemon:

Right-click on My Computer , and select Manage .

In the Computer Management dialog box that appears, go to Services and Applications, and select CYGWIN sshd .

Right-click CYGWIN sshd and select Properties .

In the Properties dialog box, go to the Log On tab.

Here, specify the domain/user name and password. Click Apply.

Run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat , and execute the following:

If /var/log/sshd.log does not exist, you do not have to execute the following commands:

Perform one of the following steps to start the SSH daemon:

Run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat and execute the following command:

Run C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat and execute the following command:

cygrunsrv -S sshd

Perform these steps:

Right-click on My Computer , and select Manage .

In the Computer Management dialog box that appears, go to Services and Applications, and select CYGWIN sshd .

Click CYGWIN sshd, then click the Start button.

If the SSH daemon does not start up, view the c:\cygwin\var\log\sshd.log file for information on why the start up failed.

You can now test your Cygwin setup.

To do this, go to a different machine (that has the ssh client running), and execute the following command:

This command will prompt you to specify the password. When you specify the correct password, the command should return the accurate date.

If you experience a process fork failure, memory leak error, or a file access error after configuring SSH, view the following website for a workaround:

If you are unable to find a workaround for your problem, report your problem to the Cygwin community using the following website:

5.5 After Inst alling Cygwin and Configuring SSH

After installing Cygwin (as described in Section 5.3) and configuring SSH (as described in Section 5.4), follow these steps:

If the OMS host runs on a Microsoft Windows platform, perform the following on the OMS host:

Right click My Computer, then select Properties. In the window that appears, select Advanced system settings, then select Environment Variables. In the System Variables section, create the CYGWIN variable, and specify its value as nodosfilewarning

You do not need to restart the host after performing this step.

Navigate to the Cygwin install directory (that is, C:\cygwin if you chose to install Cygwin in the default location), open the Cygwin.bat file in edit mode using any editor, then edit the following line:

For example, these are the contents of the Cygwin.bat file after editing the above line:

From the Start menu, select Run. For Open, enter services.msc, then click OK. Search for the Cygwin SSHD service and stop it.

Navigate to the Cygwin install directory (that is, C:\cygwin if you chose to install Cygwin in the default location), then run Cygwin.bat. Run the following command to start the SSHD service:

Running this command may return an error mentioning that /var/empty must be owned by the root user. If you encounter this error, run the following from the Cygwin terminal:

After running this command, retry the $ /usr/sbin/sshd command.

Perform the tasks mentioned in Step 1 on all the Microsoft Windows target hosts (on which you want to install Management Agents using the Add Host Targets Wizard or EM CLI).

Источник

CDP Studio Documentation

Setting up Cygwin SSH server

Introduction

«Cygwin is a distribution of popular GNU and other Open Source tools running on Microsoft Windows. The core part is the Cygwin library which provides the POSIX system calls and environment these programs expect.» — Official Cygwin homepage.

Deploying CDP applications to Windows machines is possible only if a Cygwin SSH server is running on the target machine and Rsync is available. This tutorial gives step-by-step instructions on how to set it up and how to configure the target environment.

Setting up Cygwin and SSHD

Download Cygwin

Download the appropriate version of Cygwin and save it somewhere on the target system. Click here to go to Cygwin download page

Install Cygwin

• Run the Cygwin installer
• Using all the default installation options go through the installation wizard until package selection page is presented.
• On the Select Packages page use the search bar to locate openssh, openssl and rsync packages under subsection All->Net. Clicking on the little refresh button of the package select the latest versions for both of the packages and click Next
• Finish the installation

This process installs a Cygwin terminal and the necessary files for setting up an SSH server.

Protect Windows with a Password

Login through a Cygwin ssh server may not work correctly unless the Windows account is password protected with a non-empty password. If the Windows account has no password or an empty password, make sure to set up a password for the Windows account.

Configure SSH Server

• Run the Cygwin terminal as administrator
• Type in the following command: ssh-host-config

You are prompted with some or all of the following questions:

*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/ssh_config file? (yes/no) yes

*** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/sshd_config file? (yes/no) yes

*** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) no

*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes

*** Query: new local account ‘sshd’? (yes/no) yes

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?

*** Query: (Say «no» if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) no

You should then be prompted with text saying that the host configuration was successful.

Start SSH Server (SSHD)

SSH server should be run as a user process invoked via Windows startup system (at user logon). If SSH server is run as a service or under user not currently logged into, then CDP GUI applications can not be shown. To run SSH server on Windows startup follow these steps:

• Go to «C:\Users\ \AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup» or press Windows key + R, type shell:startup and select OK.
• Create a shortcut for the command C:\ \bin\bash.exe —login -c ‘/usr/sbin/sshd’
• Restart Windows

After restart SSH server should be started as a background process and be ready for usage.

Note: If you had Cygwin already installed make sure you disable all SSH services that may collide with our setup.

Allow Applications Through the Firewall

The Windows firewall must allow applications to communicate through the relevant networks. When you want to run a new application on a Windows target, first Deploy it to the target. Then open an explorer window on the target machine. Navigate into the deployment folder 1 and then start the application from there. Windows firewall will pop up a security alert dialog that it has blocked the app. Make sure to allow the application to communicate on the relevant networks, then click Allow access on the security alert dialog. It is usually enough to only do this procedure the first time you run an application.

1 The deployment folder is printed in the CDP Studio Application Output pane when the application starts up, similar to this:

Note: On a remote Windows target, the path above is relative to the cygwin installation typically found in C:\cygwin64\, so the full path for the above example is:

The content of this document is confidential information not to be published without the consent of CDP Technologies AS.

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