Linux manjaro разбивка диска

UEFI — Install Guide

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The following guide aims to install Manjaro on a machine with UEFI enabled, Secure boot disabled, and using GUID Partition Table (GPT) disk(s).

For multi-boot, the EFI system partition which is already present (or will be created), can usually be shared amongst multiple Linux installs.

Common

• 1. Download your preferred Manjaro version (XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, . ), must be 64-bits.

• 2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See Burn an ISO File for more details.

• 3. Check your BIOS, UEFI must be ON and Secure boot OFF.

• 4. Boot with your USB or DVD & use the rEFInd — Main Menu. to choose which GPU drivers you want to have installed, the open-source or proprietary:

Graphical Installer

To use the Graphical Installer select the Install Manjaro option from the Manjaro Welcome screen or from the desktop.

For the ESP (EFI system partition) which will store the EFI Grub binary, a 512mb partition of type fat32 can be created in the partitioning step, and mounted to /boot/efi

If you are dual booting then an EFI partition from a previous install can also be used.

CLI installer

• 6. Now, we are in the CLI Installer.

• 7. Choose 1. Set date and time — an easy intuitive configuration.

Disk preparation

Setting filesystem mount points

Installation

• 9. Choose 3. Install system and wait.

• 10. Now, go to 4. Configure System and configure it the way you like (username, password, mirrorlist, system-name, . ).

• 11. When you are done, go to 5. Install bootloader. Choose EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64, DON’T select BIOS GRUB.

• 11.1 It will ask to format the EFI Partition you created earlier as FAT32, yes can be chosen.

• 12. If it gives a error in the final stages saying «efivars kernel module was not properly loaded», don’t worry, the system will work fine!

• 13. If the installer asks you about copying grub/efi files to another folder in order to maintain compatibility in some systems, choose Yes.

• 14. Click 6. Quit

• 15. Shutdown, remove the DVD or USB, and boot. Your system should appear now!

1) You need to create an ESP (EFI System Partition).

It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.

You should also install/check whether following packages are present-

2) Create the /boot/efi directory

3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi

X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c . Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4.

4.) Install Grub according to UEFI

5.) Update Grub configuration file.

Then you will need to chroot as described here, and then perform Step 5 again.

then you could load the efivarfs module :

There are two ways to install rEFInd-

1.Install rEFInd from its website (detailed) or install using pacman(preferred)—

Files will be present in /usr/share/refind .

2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [1]

Instructions

The refind-install command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the Arch wiki for more details.

Manual install

Inside the refind folder (/usr/share/refind), copy the files and folders to-

You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.

You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.

Can mount it as /boot/efi by

X=a,b,c. N=1,2,3. These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.

Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present-

You can rename it as windows.bootx64.efi Then you can rename refind_x64.efi to bootx64.efi

The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.

So it could be like-

rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.

If you do not have this file or folder, try-

to create /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

An alternative: chainloading via GRUB

An entry can be added to

In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.

After adding the above entry, running sudo update-grub updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named Windows8 (UEFI) is added to the GRUB boot menu.

The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the «invalid signature» message — the Refind method will still work.

Using Rufus on Windows to create installation media

Rufus users can use the following settings:

Questions, suggestions, critics? Please post here

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Cfdisk Basic Partitioning Scenarios

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Basic partitioning scenarios have been presented below for illustrative purposes. In particular, the intention is to illustrate the substantial degree of flexibility when deciding upon an appropriate partitioning scheme when using cfdisk.

In this scenario, Boot, Root, and Home will be combined into a single bootable partition (SDA1). A seperate swap partition will also be created in the remaining space, using a logical partition (SDA2/SDA5).

Creating the Partitions

Use the left and right arrow keys to select the available options in cfdisk. The up and down arrow keys are used to select disk space / partitions. In this instance, Manjaro is being installed on a clean hard disk with no existing partitions or data. New has been highlighted to create the first new partition.

Press to continue.

The first step will be to define if it is a Primary or Logical Partition. In this instance, Primary has been selected.

Press to continue.

The second step is to define the size of the partition. In this instance, 40,949MB (40GB) out of a total of 42,949MB (42GB), has been allocated, with the intention to leave approximately 2000MB (2GB) remaining for the swap partition.

Once the value has been set, press to continue.

The third (and final) step is to define where the partition starts on your hard drive (i.e. from the beginning or the end of the available space). As with this instance — unless you have a specific reason to do otherwise — it is recommended to always start your partition(s) at the beginning of your hard drive / available space on your hard drive.

Once the selection has been highlighted, press to continue.

This partition must also be bootable, as it is intended to contain the Boot/GRUB. To mark it as such, the Bootable flag/option has been highlighted.

Press to continue.

Note that the partition — listed as sda1 — has now been flagged as boot.

With this complete, the swap partition will now be created. This is undertaken by first selecting the free space underneath the partition, and then highlighting the New option.

Press to continue.

As before, the first step is to define the type of partition to be used. In this instance, for illustrative purposes, the swap partition has been defined as a Logical partition, although it would make no real difference if it were defined as a primary partition instead.

Press to continue.

Again, the second step is to define the size of the new partition. In this instance, the remaining space of 2GB has been allocated, which has already been listed by default.

Press to continue.

As this newly created partition is intended to be used as a swap partition, it is necessary to specifically define its type as such. To do so, the Type option has been highlighted.

Press to continue.

A list of (hexadecimal) codes corresponding to the available types of partition will be displayed. It will be necessary to press a key to continue and enter the appropriate code.

In this instance — as illustrated — the code 82 has been typed in to define the partition type as swap.

Once the code has been typed in, press to continue.

Note that the swap partition has been listed as sda5. This is because primary partitions only range from sda1 to sda4, while logical partitions always start from sda5. Also note that sda5 is listed as a swap partition.

With both partitions created and defined, the partition table must now be written to the hard disk. To do so, the write option must be highlighted, before pressing to continue.

Upon doing so a warning message will appear. It will also be necessary to confirm your intention to write the new partitions by typing in yes at the prompt and then pressing again.

With the partitions completed and written, highlight quit to exit from cfdisk.

Press to continue.

Finalising the Disk Preparation

You will be returned to the hard disk selection menu. Highlight Done as the disk partitioning has been completed.

Press to continue.

A message will appear stating that it will now be necessary to select the appropriate partitions to use for the Manjaro installation.

Press to continue.

As before,The installer will automatically detect and display all hard discs connected to your system. Where more than one drive is present on your system, highlight the drive partitioned earlier.

Press to continue.

Select the appropriate partition to use for the Swap. In this instance, the swap partition is sda5, which has been highlighted for selection.

Press to continue.

Confirm that you wish to format your chosen partition.

Press to continue.

Select the appropriate partition to use for the Root. Again, this is where Manjaro itself (and later, any newly installed applications for it) will be stored. In this instance, it’s an easy choice as the only remaining partition available is sda1.

Press to continue.

Set the file system to manage your files. If you are unsure which file system to choose, as illustrated, then it is recommend to highlight ext4, as this is one of the latest and perhaps most widely used Linux file systems.

Press to continue

Confirm that you wish to format your chosen partition.

Press to continue.

Select any other partitions to mount at bootup. If a separate Boot Partition had been created, it would be selected here. Upon pressing to continue, it would then be necessary to select which file system to use for it (e.g. ext4), and then to confirm that it is to be mounted at ‘/boot’.

Once completed, the process would also be repeated for any other relevant partitions, such as if a separate Home Partition had been created. In essence, it will be necessary to select and mount all of the partitions you had created for your Manjaro installation so that they will all be available for use upon booting up.

However, as in this instance only two partitions had been created (one of which combines Boot, Root, and Home), there are no further partitions to select.

Press to continue.

Review and confirm the mounted partitions. A confirmation message will appear, listing all of the partitions to mounted during the bootup of your Manjaro installation. Ensure that all of your intended partitions have been listed, and that they have been listed correctly (e.g. purposes and file systems). If something is amiss, highlight No to be taken back.

Again, in this instance, the message confirms that sda5 is to be mounted as the Swap Partition, and that sda1 is to be mounted (using the ext4 file system) for everything else.

Press to continue.

After a few moments, a message will appear to confirm that the partitions have been successfully mounted.

Press to continue.

Return to the Main Menu. As this step has been completed, highlight Main menu and press to be taken back to the installer’s main menu.

Install Manjaro

In this scenario, a partition will be created especially for Boot, seperate from the partition for Root and Home. A seperate swap partition will also be created. All the partitions created will be Primary Partitions.

Creating the Partitions

In order to create a new partition, use your arrow keys to switch through the options and choose new.

There are two preferences when creating partitions. Primary and Logical partitions. It’s good to know that you can only create four primary partitions per Hard Drive. Choose the desired preference, then press enter to select it.

We are now going to create the boot partition. For the boot partition, 100 MB and higher in recommended. Enter the desired size and press ENTER.

After that, the Beginning option will be highlighted. It’s recommended to keep it that way, press ENTER to continue.

We also need to make the boot partition Bootable, press ENTER when Bootable is highlighted.

We are now going to create a swap partition. After creating the boot partition, use your UP/DOWN arrow keys and choose Free Space. Use your arrow keys to navigate to the new option then, press ENTER.

After that, press ENTER again when the Primary preference is highlighted.

Now, enter a size for your swap partition. The recommended size for the swap partition is the same as your RAM. In this tutorial we are going to make a 1 GB swap partition, for that we will enter 1000 because cfdisk measures the size in MB.

Because we’ll use this partition for swap, we have to change it’s type, so, when the Type option is highlighted, press ENTER.

You will be prompted with a list of file systems, for swap we’ll have to enter 82, we’ll confirm by pressing ENTER.

After that, we are going to create a root (/) partition. Here’s where the Operating System is going to be installed. Again, use your UP/DOWN keys to select the Free Space option, press ENTER to confirm. Using your arrow keys, choose new from the options at the bottom then press ENTER.

Enter the size in MB for your root partition. The recommended size for the root partition would be 4 GB or more and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key.

After that, you’ll be prompted with your new partition scheme. To continue, use your arrow keys and select the Write option at the bottom and press ENTER, this will apply the changes we’ve made so far.

That being done, use your arrow keys and select the Quit option and press ENTER to exit cfdisk.

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